O Domestic Violence (+ Genital Mutilation)




Check
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_domestic_violence
Check these papers:

The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Homicide by Heidi Stöckl et al. Lancet, June 2013
and
The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women by K. Devries et al Science, June 2013

visualized is their data below by the Economist

Changing Views
GRAPH Attitudes toward women in the United States, 1970–1995 - Pinker and the original source




FIGURE 7–11. Attitudes toward women in the United States, 1970–1995

Source: Graph from Twenge, 1997.

Twenge, J. M. 1997. Attitudes toward women, 1970–1995: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 35–51.

Attitudes Toward Women Scale scores over Time - Original
Original

Twenge (1997) - ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN, 1970-1 995 A Meta-Analysis
GRAPH Approval of husband slapping wife in the United States, 1968–1994 - Pinker and the original source




FIGURE 7–12. Approval of husband slapping wife in the United States, 1968–1994

Source: Graph from Straus et al., 1997.
Straus, M. A., Kantor, G. K., & Moore, D. W. 1997. Changes in cultural norms approving marital violence from 1968 to 1994. In G. K. Kantor & J. L. Jasinski, eds., Out of the darkness: Contemporary perspectives on family violence. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
Approval of husband slapping wife by Gender of Respondent


Source: Devonthink: Straus, Kantor, & Moore, (1997) - Changes in cultural norms approving marital violence from 1968 to 1994 Online - http://gauss.unh.edu/~mas2/V54.pdf

Violence
In Homicides I have historical data that shows homicides in family context historically.

TIMESERIES Domestic Violence, 1993-2005 - Pinker

[ref]The source for this graph is Pinker (2011) - A History of Violence Edge Master Class 2011 published online at Edge.org here. http://edge.org/conversation/mc2011-history-violence-pinker
It is also figure x-x in the same author's book: Pinker (2011) - The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking Adult.

[/ref]
GRAPH Assaults by intimate partners in the United States, 1993– 2005 - Pinker




FIGURE 7–13. Assaults by intimate partners in the United States, 1993– 2005
Source: Data from U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010.

U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2010. Intimate partner violence in the U.S.http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/intimate/victims.cfm.
TIMESERIES Uxoricide and Matricide, 1976-2005 - Pinker

[ref]The source for this graph is Pinker (2011) - A History of Violence Edge Master Class 2011 published online at Edge.org here. http://edge.org/conversation/mc2011-history-violence-pinker
It is also figure x-x in the same author's book: Pinker (2011) - The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking Adult.

[/ref]
GRAPH Homicides of intimate partners in the United States, 1976– 2005 - Pinker



FIGURE 7–14. Homicides of intimate partners in the United States, 1976– 2005

Sources: Data from U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011, with adjustments by the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Online (http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/csv/t31312005.csv). Population figures from the U.S. Census.


U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2011. Homicide trends in the U.S.: Intimate homicide. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/homicide/intimates.cfm.
GRAPH Domestic violence in England and Wales, 1995–2008 - Pinker and Original Source




FIGURE 7–15. Domestic violence in England and Wales, 1995–2008

Sources: Data from British Crime Survey, U.K., Home Office, 2010. Data aggregated across years by Dewar Research, 2009. Population estimates from the U.K. Office for National Statistics, 2009.

Dewar Research. 2009. Government statistics on domestic violence: Estimated prevalence of domestic violence. Ascot, U.K.: Dewar Research.

http://www.dewar4research.org/DOCS/DVGovtStatsAug09.pdf

BCS crime estimates of numbers of incidents of domestic violence - Original Source


http://www.dewar4research.org/DOCS/DVGovtStatsAug09.pdf
Dewar Research. 2009. Government statistics on domestic violence: Estimated prevalence of domestic violence. Ascot, U.K.: Dewar Research.


BARCHART Violence against women around the world - The Economist
http://worldbank.tumblr.com/post/55281670615/violence-against-women-around-the-world
http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2013/06/daily-chart-12

Sources are The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Homicide by Heidi Stöckl et al. Lancet, June 2013
and
The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women by K. Devries et al Science, June 2013
Data
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/gender-geography-in-honour-of-international-womens-day-wheres-the-best-place-to-be-a-woman/article9488293/
Country with the lowest rates of domestic violence

Georgia. According to a United Nations study in March of 2011, the lifetime prevalence of sexual or physical abuse against a woman in Georgia is 5 per cent. Canada comes second in a list of 86 countries, at 7 per cent. In Ethiopia, the rates of violence against women by a partner is horrifically high: 71 per cent of women are physically or sexually abused over the course of their lives. According to the study, in the last 12 months that the statistics were recorded, 44 per cent of Ethiopian women suffered sexual abuse. The World Bank took a closer look at reasons why women reported the abuse happened. In Niger, according to a 2006 survey, 44 per cent of women said they were beaten for burning dinner. In 2008, 41 per cent of women in Sierra Leone said they were beaten by their husbands for refusing to have sex.

Today
BARCHART Views on Domestic Violence: Justifiable for a man to beat his wife? - World Value Survey

http://progress.unwomen.org/pdfs/EN-Report-Progress.pdf
The Integrated European Value Survey / World Value Survey data is available online here. http://www.wvsevsdb.com/wvs/WVSIntegratedEVSWVSvariables.jsp?Idioma=I
mostly DCs BARCHART Views on Domestic Violence: Women aged 15-49 who think that, under certain circumstances, a husband is justified in hitting his wife, by income class (2010 or latest available) - The Economist
Violence against women in Nepal (2011)

International Dating Violence Study Sample - Straus (2009)

[ref]The source is Straus (2009) - Differences in corporal punishment by parents in 32 nations and its relation to national differences in IQ. Paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Violence, Abuse, and Trauma.

It is online here.  http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/Cp98D%20CP%20%20IQ%20world-wide.pdf.

[/ref]
Description of the Database: http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/IDV-brief-project-discription.htm
DATA Argentina Domestic Violence and Economic Data, 1955-1972
Hans Rosling ‏@HansRosling 22 Jun
WHO tells: Violance against women is a global epidemic. 38% of murdered women are killed by intinmate partner http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/VAW_infographic.pdf …

BARCHART Few women seek services in case of domestic violence – World Development Report 2012

Source: World Health Organization 2010.
[ref]This is taken from World Bank (2012) – World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. Online here. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2012/Resources/7778105-1299699968583/7786210-1315936222006/Complete-Report.pdf

[/ref]
World Development Report (2012)
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work
and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com.
BARCHART Perceptions in many nations are that wifebeating is justifi able – World Development Report 2012

Source: WDR 2012 team estimates based on Demographic and Health Surveys.
[ref]This is taken from World Bank (2012) – World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. Online here. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2012/Resources/7778105-1299699968583/7786210-1315936222006/Complete-Report.pdf

[/ref]
World Development Report (2012)
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work
and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com.
BARCHART There is great heterogeneity in rates of domestic violence reported across nations – World Development Report 2012

Source: World Health Organization 2005.
[ref]This is taken from World Bank (2012) – World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. Online here. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2012/Resources/7778105-1299699968583/7786210-1315936222006/Complete-Report.pdf

[/ref]
World Development Report (2012)
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work
and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com.
BARCHART Social norms in many regions tolerate domestic violence - Percentage of women who say that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife – World Development Report (2014) R√

FROM THE TEXT In East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa, more than 20 percent of women believe that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife for commonplace reasons such as going out without telling him and arguing with him (figure 3.10).
Source: WDR 2014 team based on data from demographic and health surveys, for the most recent year available 2000–11.
[ref]This is taken from World Bank (2013) – World Development Report 2014: Risk and Opportunity—Managing Risk for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9903–3. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0. Online here. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTNWDR2013/Resources/8258024-1352909193861/8936935-1356011448215/8986901-1380046989056/WDR-2014_Complete_Report.pdf

[/ref]
World Development Report (2014)

This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY 3.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for com- mercial purposes, under the following conditions:
Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2013. World Development Report 2014: Risk and Opportunity—Managing Risk for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9903–3. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0
Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.
WORLDMAP Intimate partner violence in the past 12 months reported by women aged 15–49 years – UNAIDS (2013)

Source: GARPR 2013
UNAIDS (2013) – UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013 - Global report 2013
[ref]This is taken from UNAIDS (2013) – UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013 - Global report 2013. Online here. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/globalreport2013/globalreport/

[/ref]
Copyright © 2013
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
Domestic Violence WORLDMAP Prevalence of intimate-partner violence in the past 12 months for countries with reported data and for countries without data if they reported the indicator as being relevant or not – UNAIDS (2012)

Source: 2012 country progress reports (www.unaids.org/cpr).
UNAIDS (2012) - 2012 UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic
[ref]This is taken from UNAIDS (2012) - 2012 UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Online here. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/publications/2012/name,76121,en.asp The raw data is available in the appendix of this publication.
[/ref]
Copyright © 2012
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
Hans Rosling ‏@HansRosling 8h
Indonesian girls now go to school http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.NENR …, but domestic violence against women remains very common http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf;jsessionid=14586c17e90dd9075aa15301f16f?pid=diva2:665851 …
Expand
BARCHART Women who have experienced physical or sexual violence from a partner in their lifetime - Economist

Heidi Stöckl et al (2013) – The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide. The Lancet
Devries et al (2013) – The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence against women, In Science.
http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2013/06/daily-chart-12



Percent of Muslims who say honor killings over female sexual offense are never justified  - Washington Post

Text
Rückgang der häuslichen Gewalt bzw. Gewalt in der Ehe (Daten - USA, England und global (Westen ja RoW Nein!) - Pinker



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Genital Mutilation
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION: UNICEF: http://www.childinfo.org/fgmc.html

While the proportion of girls aged 15 to 19 who undergo FGM/C may continue to decline, their absolute numbers will increase
Prevalence Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Of Girls Ages 15-49 (Africa and MiddleEast)
Africa - Wikipedia
The share of girls subjected to genital mutilation  http://econ.st/1lDEUjp  

Circumcision rates around the world [2753x1400] (i.imgur.com)
Starting Points for finding Data
Hans Rosling ‏@HansRosling
Breaking Good News for girls in 28 communities in Somaliland. Genital mutilation & #childforcedmarriage will stop! http://bit.ly/M0Mtm2
http://de.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/157cpx/un_calls_for_ban_on_grotesque_practice_of_female/

Female genital mutilation and child marriage/ Progress, but too slow | The Economist
UNICEF – FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING: What might the future hold?



Correlates, Determinants, & Consequences

T  TIMESERIES Effect of Unilateral Divorce on Females Murdered by Intimates – Stevenson and Wolfers(2006)

Figure II shows the estimated coefficients (evaluated as elasticities at the

unweighted cell means) from three regressions, each focusing on a different

definition of the female intimate homicide rate. Each line plots the coefficients on

dummies indicating whether unilateral divorce laws have been in effect for 1–2

years, 3– 4 years, 5– 6 years, etc.; as shown, dummies are also included for similar

leads. State and year fixed effects are also included.
THIS IS THE PAPER Stevenson and Wolfers(2006) find that female suicide and domestic violence fell in statesthat adopted unilateral divorce laws. They interpret these findings assuggesting that unilateral divorce lawsshift bargaining powerto women
[ref]This is taken from Stevenson,Betsey and Justin Wolfers(2006) “Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: Divorce Laws and Family Distress”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121 (1): 267-288. Online here. http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/121/1/267.full.pdf
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Measurement, Data Quality & Definitions


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DATA

Heidi Stöckl et al (2013) – The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide. The Lancet
Devries et al (2013) – The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence against women, In Science.




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